Answers :
1️⃣ Answer: Epithelial tissue 🌱
🧠 Explanation: Epithelial tissue forms a continuous sheet covering body surfaces and lining internal organs. It protects underlying structures, controls exchange of materials, and aids absorption and secretion. 🔬
2️⃣ Answer: True ✅
🧠 Explanation: Connective tissue has widely spaced cells embedded in an extracellular matrix made of fibres and ground substance. This structure helps in binding, support, and transport functions. 🧬
3️⃣ Answer: Simple columnar epithelium 🪴
🧠 Explanation: Found in the intestine, its tall, pillar-like cells with microvilli increase surface area for efficient nutrient absorption. It also secretes digestive juices and mucus. 🍽️
4️⃣ Answer: Adipose tissue 🍩
🧠 Explanation: Made up of fat-storing cells called adipocytes, it acts as an energy reservoir, provides insulation against heat loss, and cushions internal organs. 🌡️
5️⃣ Answer: False 🚫
🧠 Explanation: Cartilage lacks blood vessels (it is avascular), so nutrients diffuse slowly through its matrix. That’s why cartilage injuries heal much slower than bone injuries. 🦴
6️⃣ Answer: Red blood cell (erythrocyte) ❤️
🧠 Explanation: RBCs are biconcave, nucleus-free cells containing haemoglobin, which binds oxygen and carries it from the lungs to body tissues. 🩸
7️⃣ Answer: Smooth muscle 💪
🧠 Explanation: Non-striated and involuntary, smooth muscles are found in walls of organs like the stomach and intestines. They help in movements such as peristalsis without conscious control. 🌿
8️⃣ Answer: True ✅
🧠 Explanation: A neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites to receive signals, and an axon to transmit impulses. This structure enables communication across the nervous system. ⚡
9️⃣ Answer: Ciliated epithelium 🌬️
🧠 Explanation: Cilia on the surface of these cells beat rhythmically to move mucus and dust out of the respiratory tract, keeping airways clean. 🔬
10️⃣ Answer: True ✅
🧠 Explanation: Glandular epithelium forms glands that secrete hormones, mucus, and enzymes. These secretions help in digestion, lubrication, and maintaining body balance. 💧
11️⃣ Answer: Bone 🦴
🧠 Explanation: Bone tissue contains osteocytes in a hard, mineral-rich matrix of calcium and collagen. It provides structural support, protection, and attachment points for muscles. 💪
12️⃣ Answer: True ✅
🧠 Explanation: Skeletal muscles are long, cylindrical, striated fibres under voluntary control. They attach to bones and help in movement, posture, and body balance. ⚙️
13️⃣ Answer: Tight junction (zonula occludens) 🔗
🧠 Explanation: Tight junctions fuse membranes of neighbouring epithelial cells, sealing the gaps between them to prevent leakage of substances like fluids and ions. 🧩
14️⃣ Answer: True ✅
🧠 Explanation: Blood is a fluid connective tissue with plasma as the matrix and cells like RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. It transports gases, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body. 🩸
15️⃣ Answer: Nervous tissue ⚡
🧠 Explanation: Made up of neurons and neuroglial cells, it transmits electrical impulses for coordination, reflexes, and sensory processing. It forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. 🧠
📚 Topics Covered
🧠 Core concepts — succinct explanations
Forms continuous sheets that cover body surfaces and line cavities; functions include protection, absorption and secretion.
Cells are scattered in an extracellular matrix (fibres + ground substance); includes bone, cartilage, blood, adipose for support and transport.
Three types — skeletal (voluntary, striated), smooth (involuntary, non-striated), cardiac (involuntary, striated) — for movement and posture.
Neurons (cell body, dendrites, axon) transmit electrical impulses; neuroglia support and protect neurons for coordination and reflexes.
Includes ciliated epithelium (moves mucus), glandular epithelium (secretion) and columnar cells (absorption).
Bone = mineralised connective tissue with osteocytes; blood = fluid connective tissue with plasma as matrix for transport.
⚡ Important features to remember (Quick facts)
- Cell layers of epithelia: simple vs stratified — function relates to location.
- Connective tissue matrix determines strength and flexibility (collagen vs elastic fibres).
- Adipose tissue stores fat and insulates the body.
- Cartilage is avascular — slow healing compared with bone.
- Ciliated epithelium clears mucus in respiratory passages.
- Neurons transmit impulses; synapses connect neurons for signal flow.
✅ Revision checklist & exam tips
Revision checklist
- Memorise organelle/tissue functions in one line each.
- Compare plant vs animal tissues where applicable.
- Practice labelled diagrams (neuron, bone, muscle, epithelial types).
- List examples & locations for each tissue type.
- Know matrix components for connective tissues.
- Prepare 1-line definitions for key terms (flashcards).
Exam tips
- Use 1–2 keywords per answer (e.g., “Cartilage — avascular; flexible”).
- Label diagrams clearly and use tidy arrows for structures. ✏️
- For MCQs, eliminate options by checking unique features (e.g., cilia vs keratin).
- Create quick mnemonics to recall tissue lists and functions. 🧠
🗂️ Key terms (glossary)
Epithelial tissue — sheets of cells covering surfaces and lining cavities.
Connective tissue — tissue with cells in an extracellular matrix (support & binding).
Matrix — non-cellular material (fibres + ground substance) surrounding cells.
Adipose — fat-storing connective tissue (energy reserve).
Cartilage — flexible, avascular connective tissue (shock absorption).
Bone (osseous tissue) — mineralised connective tissue with osteocytes (support).
Neuron — nerve cell with dendrites and axon for impulse transmission.
Skeletal muscle — voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones.
Smooth muscle — involuntary, non-striated muscle in organs (peristalsis).
Ciliated epithelium — epithelial cells with cilia to move mucus.
Glandular epithelium — secreting cells forming glands (enzymes, hormones).
Blood — fluid connective tissue (plasma + formed elements for transport).